States › New York › Jefferson County
Jefferson County, New York
Recorded hazard history: storm events since 1950, federal disaster declarations since 1953, flood insurance claims since 1978, and FEMA's risk index.
NCEI notes that Storm Data is compiled from a variety of sources including the National Weather Service, other federal, state and local agencies, the media and the public; that property and crop damage figures are estimates; and that some events are recorded by NWS forecast zone rather than by county. FEMA notes that NFIP claim records are redacted and aggregated to protect the privacy of policyholders. NCEI storm records through 30 Jun 2026; OpenFEMA declarations refreshed 1 Oct 2026; NFIP claims as of 8 Sep 2026.
The NCEI record lists 699 events for Jefferson County, New York, between 1950 and 2026; damaging wind account for the largest share.
That is 55.1 events per 100 square miles, below the New York figure of 120.3, and 60.1 per 10,000 residents against 28.6 statewide.
24 events fall in the 12 months to 30 Jun 2026. NCEI attributes 3 deaths and 3 injuries to events in the county, with property damage estimated at $150M and crop damage at $852K.
FEMA has designated the county in 21 federal disaster declarations since 1953; the most recent is Remnants Of Tropical Storm Debby (major disaster, 24 Sep 2024).
National Flood Insurance Program policyholders in the county filed 250 claims since 1978, of which 151 were paid, totalling $2.4M (about $16K per paid claim). FEMA counts 253 residential flood policies in force.
FEMA's National Risk Index rates the county's overall risk as "Relatively Low" and its expected annual loss as "Relatively Low" ($26M a year across 18 hazards).
2 tropical storm or hurricane tracks in the HURDAT2 record passed within 100 miles of the county's centre at tropical-storm strength or more, 0 of them within 50 miles at hurricane strength.
Compared with New York and the United States
| Measure | Jefferson County | New York | US |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recorded events since 1950 | 699 | 56,675 | 1,977,440 |
| Events per 100 square miles | 55.1 | 120.3 | 56.0 |
| Events per 10,000 residents | 60.1 | 28.6 | 59.6 |
| Events in the last 12 months | 24 | 1,948 | 62,008 |
| Deaths recorded by NCEI | 3 | 578 | 26,435 |
| Property damage (NCEI estimates) | $150M | $5.7B | $575B |
| NFIP claims per 1,000 residents | 2.1 | 8.8 | 8.1 |
| Average paid NFIP claim | $16K | $40K | $43K |
| Claims per 100 policies in force, last 10 years | 36.0 | 10.1 | 16.1 |
County-recorded events plus zone-recorded events whose forecast zone is named for the county. State and US rows include events recorded only by forecast zone. Rates use 2021 Census population and land area.
Events by decade
Trend: 498 events in the 20 years to 2025 against 160 in the 20 years before. Reporting practice changed in 1996 and again with automated reports in the 2000s, so decade totals measure the record as much as the weather.
Events by type
Hazard pages exist for hail, tornado, flood, wind and winter where the county has at least 10 recorded events. "Other" covers heavy rain, debris flow, dust, funnel clouds and similar reports.
Largest recorded events
| Date | Event type | Group | Magnitude | Property damage | Crop damage | Deaths | Injuries | Geography |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28 Apr 2011 | Flood | Flood | — | $250K | — | 1 | — | County |
| 4 Apr 2018 | High Wind | Wind | 68 mph | $15K | — | 1 | — | Forecast zone |
| 23 Dec 2022 | Blizzard | Winter | — | — | — | 1 | — | Forecast zone |
| 9 Dec 2009 | High Wind | Wind | 58 mph | $100M | — | — | — | Forecast zone |
| 15 Jul 1995 | Thunderstorm Wind | Wind | 0 mph | $15M | — | — | — | County |
| 28 Aug 1983 | Tornado | Tornado | F1 | $2.5M | — | — | 1 | County |
| 8 Jan 1998 | Ice Storm | Winter | — | $10M | — | — | — | Forecast zone |
| 31 Aug 2016 | Lightning | Lightning | — | — | — | — | 1 | County |
| 16 Jul 2024 | Thunderstorm Wind | Wind | 81 mph | — | — | — | 1 | County |
| 27 Dec 2001 | Heavy Snow | Winter | — | $2.0M | — | — | — | Forecast zone |
| 2 Feb 2007 | Lake-Effect Snow | Winter | — | $1.5M | — | — | — | Forecast zone |
| 1 Jun 2019 | Flood | Flood | — | $1.5M | — | — | — | County |
| 20 May 2019 | Lakeshore Flood | Flood | — | $1.5M | — | — | — | Forecast zone |
| 19 Jan 1996 | Flood | Flood | — | $1.0M | — | — | — | Forecast zone |
| 22 Nov 2000 | Heavy Snow | Winter | — | $1.0M | — | — | — | Forecast zone |
| 1 Jul 2019 | Flood | Flood | — | $1.0M | — | — | — | County |
| 1 Feb 2002 | High Wind | Wind | 60 mph | $750K | — | — | — | Forecast zone |
| 9 Jan 2008 | High Wind | Wind | 58 mph | $750K | — | — | — | Forecast zone |
| 15 Sep 2008 | High Wind | Wind | 63 mph | $500K | $200K | — | — | Forecast zone |
| 13 Jul 2023 | Thunderstorm Wind | Wind | 58 mph | — | $600K | — | — | County |
Ranked by deaths, then injuries, then NCEI's damage estimate. Deaths and injuries are NCEI counts (direct plus indirect); no personal details are recorded here.
Federal disaster declarations
| Declared | Number | Type | Incident | Title | Programs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 Sep 2024 | DR-4825 | Major disaster | Tropical Storm | Remnants Of Tropical Storm Debby | Public assistance |
| 20 Nov 2022 | EM-3589 | Emergency | Winter Storm | Severe Winter Storm And Snowstorm | Public assistance |
| 20 Mar 2020 | DR-4480 | Major disaster | Biological | Covid-19 Pandemic | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 13 Mar 2020 | EM-3434 | Emergency | Biological | Covid-19 | Public assistance |
| 19 Dec 2019 | DR-4472 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, And Flooding | Public assistance |
| 14 Nov 2017 | DR-4348 | Major disaster | Flood | Flooding | Public assistance |
| 22 Dec 2014 | DR-4204 | Major disaster | Snowstorm | Severe Winter Storm, Snowstorm, And Flooding | Public assistance |
| 28 Oct 2012 | EM-3351 | Emergency | Hurricane | Hurricane Sandy | Public assistance |
| 30 Sep 2005 | EM-3262 | Emergency | Hurricane | Hurricane Katrina Evacuation | Public assistance |
| 3 Aug 2004 | DR-1534 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Storms And Flooding | — |
| 23 Aug 2003 | EM-3186 | Emergency | Other | Power Outage | Public assistance |
| 11 Sep 2001 | DR-1391 | Major disaster | Fire | Fires And Explosions | Public assistance |
| 11 Oct 2000 | EM-3155 | Emergency | Other | West Nile Virus | Public assistance |
| 15 Jan 1999 | EM-3136 | Emergency | Snowstorm | Snow | Public assistance |
| 6 Jan 1998 | DR-1196 | Major disaster | Snowstorm | Severe Storms And Flooding | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 24 Jan 1996 | DR-1095 | Major disaster | Flood | Severe Storms And Flooding | Public assistance |
| 17 Mar 1993 | EM-3107 | Emergency | Snowstorm | Severe Blizzard | Public assistance |
| 21 Mar 1991 | DR-898 | Major disaster | Snowstorm | Severe Winter Storm | Public assistance |
| 5 Feb 1977 | DR-527 | Major disaster | Snowstorm | Snowstorms | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 29 Jan 1977 | EM-3027 | Emergency | Snowstorm | Snowstorms | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 21 Mar 1973 | DR-367 | Major disaster | Flood | High Winds, Wave Action & Flooding | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
Declarations in which FEMA designated this county, from the OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries (v2). DR: major disaster; EM: emergency; FM: fire management assistance. Programs show whether individual or public assistance was made available.
Flood insurance claims
| Year of loss | Claims | Paid claims | Amount paid | Average paid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 1 | 1 | $5,138 | $5,138 |
| 2023 | 1 | 0 | $0 | — |
| 2022 | 1 | 0 | $0 | — |
| 2021 | 1 | 1 | $44,341 | $44,341 |
| 2020 | 4 | 1 | $60,812 | $60,812 |
| 2019 | 34 | 28 | $701,565 | $25,056 |
| 2018 | 4 | 3 | $63,718 | $21,239 |
| 2017 | 45 | 26 | $752,243 | $28,932 |
| 2016 | 1 | 0 | $0 | — |
| 2015 | 1 | 0 | $0 | — |
| 2014 | 9 | 6 | $79,220 | $13,203 |
| 2013 | 2 | 0 | $0 | — |
| 2011 | 7 | 3 | $32,150 | $10,717 |
| 2010 | 1 | 1 | $1,078 | $1,078 |
| 2008 | 3 | 1 | $3,925 | $3,925 |
| 2007 | 1 | 1 | $2,420 | $2,420 |
| 2006 | 5 | 1 | $9,320 | $9,320 |
| 2005 | 3 | 1 | $3,853 | $3,853 |
| 2002 | 2 | 0 | $0 | — |
| 2001 | 1 | 0 | $0 | — |
| 1999 | 3 | 3 | $21,249 | $7,083 |
| 1998 | 34 | 24 | $426,903 | $17,788 |
| 1997 | 1 | 0 | $0 | — |
| 1996 | 2 | 1 | $9,276 | $9,276 |
| 1994 | 3 | 2 | $6,112 | $3,056 |
OpenFEMA NFIP claims (v3, as of 8 Sep 2026), aggregated by year of loss; amounts are building, contents and increased-cost-of-compliance payments as recorded. Repetitive-loss counts from the NFIP Multiple Loss Properties file (2 Aug 2026); policies in force from the NFIP Residential Penetration Rates file (3 Aug 2026).
National Risk Index
| Hazard (NRI) | Risk rating | Expected annual loss |
|---|---|---|
| Inland flooding | $19,434,773 | |
| Cold wave | $1,833,900 | |
| Strong wind | $1,350,446 | |
| Earthquake | $952,111 | |
| Winter weather | $617,664 | |
| Ice storm | $501,711 | |
| Tornado | $484,525 | |
| Lightning | $222,475 | |
| Heat wave | $179,449 | |
| Hurricane | $110,810 | |
| Hail | $23,702 | |
| Wildfire | $13,582 | |
| Landslide | $1,273 | |
| Coastal flooding | $0 |
FEMA National Risk Index, December 2025 release. Ratings are FEMA's relative comparison of counties; expected annual loss is FEMA's modelled estimate of average yearly building, population and agriculture loss. See how to read the NRI.
Hurricane and tropical storm passes
| Storm | Year | Closest approach | Max wind while within 100 mi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Atlantic storm | 1903 | 84 mi | 46 mph |
| Unnamed Atlantic storm | 1876 | 69 mi | 46 mph |
HURDAT2 best-track positions at tropical-storm strength (34 kt) or more, measured from the county's Census centre point; through the 2025 season. Distance from a track is not the same as the extent of the storm's wind, rain or surge.
ZIP codes with flood claims
ZIP codes whose NFIP claims carry this county's code, with the number of claims. Five or more claims are needed for a ZIP page to be indexed.
Questions and answers
How often does it hail in Jefferson County, NY?
NCEI records 27 hail events in Jefferson County since 1950, in 17 different years; that is about 0.4 recorded events a year. 3 reports were golf-ball size (1.75 in) or larger.
Has Jefferson County had a tornado?
Yes. NCEI records 4 tornadoes in Jefferson County since 1950, 0 of them rated (E)F2 or stronger. Tornado deaths recorded: 0.
When was the last federal disaster declaration for Jefferson County?
24 Sep 2024: Remnants Of Tropical Storm Debby, a major disaster declaration for tropical storm. The county appears in 21 declarations since 1953.
How many flood insurance claims have been filed in Jefferson County, and how much was paid?
250 NFIP claims since 1978, 151 of them paid, for $2.4M in total. FEMA publishes these figures redacted and aggregated; individual properties are not identified.
Is Jefferson County in the National Risk Index's high-risk band?
FEMA's National Risk Index (December 2025) rates the county "Relatively Low" for overall risk, "Relatively Low" for expected annual loss, "Relatively Low" for social vulnerability and "Relatively High" for community resilience. These ratings are FEMA's relative comparison across all US counties.
How does Jefferson County compare with the rest of New York?
55.1 recorded events per 100 square miles against 120.3 statewide, and 2.1 NFIP claims per 1,000 residents against 8.8. The comparison table on this page shows each measure beside the state and national figures.
Provenance
Storm events: NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, yearly details files through 30 Jun 2026 (public domain). Declarations: OpenFEMA DisasterDeclarationsSummaries v2, refreshed 1 Oct 2026. Flood claims: OpenFEMA NfipClaims v3 as of 8 Sep 2026; NfipMultipleLossProperties v1 (2 Aug 2026); NfipResidentialPenetrationRates v1 (3 Aug 2026). Risk index: FEMA National Risk Index, December 2025. Hurricane tracks: NHC HURDAT2 through 2025. Population and area: US Census Bureau, 2021 vintage. Built 1 Oct 2026; see the methodology and corrections pages. Hazard hubs: Hail · Tornado · Flood · Wind · Winter.