States › Tennessee › Madison County
Madison County, Tennessee
Recorded hazard history: storm events since 1950, federal disaster declarations since 1953, flood insurance claims since 1978, and FEMA's risk index.
NCEI notes that Storm Data is compiled from a variety of sources including the National Weather Service, other federal, state and local agencies, the media and the public; that property and crop damage figures are estimates; and that some events are recorded by NWS forecast zone rather than by county. FEMA notes that NFIP claim records are redacted and aggregated to protect the privacy of policyholders. NCEI storm records through 30 Jun 2026; OpenFEMA declarations refreshed 29 Sep 2026; NFIP claims as of 8 Sep 2026.
Madison County, Tennessee, has 703 weather events in the NCEI Storm Events record since 1950, most of them damaging wind.
That is 126.2 events per 100 square miles, in line with the Tennessee figure of 112.2, and 71.2 per 10,000 residents against 66.4 statewide.
33 events fall in the 12 months to 30 Jun 2026. NCEI attributes 27 deaths and 284 injuries to events in the county, with property damage estimated at $203M.
FEMA has designated the county in 24 federal disaster declarations since 1953; the most recent is Severe Winter Storm (major disaster, 6 Feb 2026).
National Flood Insurance Program policyholders in the county filed 173 claims since 1978, of which 148 were paid, totalling $3.4M (about $23K per paid claim). FEMA counts 166 residential flood policies in force.
FEMA's National Risk Index rates the county's overall risk as "Relatively Moderate" and its expected annual loss as "Relatively Moderate" ($91M a year across 18 hazards).
9 tropical storm or hurricane tracks in the HURDAT2 record passed within 100 miles of the county's centre at tropical-storm strength or more, 0 of them within 50 miles at hurricane strength.
Compared with Tennessee and the United States
| Measure | Madison County | Tennessee | US |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recorded events since 1950 | 703 | 46,283 | 1,977,440 |
| Events per 100 square miles | 126.2 | 112.2 | 56.0 |
| Events per 10,000 residents | 71.2 | 66.4 | 59.6 |
| Events in the last 12 months | 33 | 1,524 | 62,008 |
| Deaths recorded by NCEI | 27 | 804 | 26,435 |
| Property damage (NCEI estimates) | $203M | $9.2B | $575B |
| NFIP claims per 1,000 residents | 1.8 | 2.5 | 8.1 |
| Average paid NFIP claim | $23K | $33K | $43K |
| Claims per 100 policies in force, last 10 years | 9.6 | 20.9 | 16.1 |
County-recorded events plus zone-recorded events whose forecast zone is named for the county. State and US rows include events recorded only by forecast zone. Rates use 2021 Census population and land area.
Events by decade
Trend: 440 events in the 20 years to 2025 against 190 in the 20 years before. Reporting practice changed in 1996 and again with automated reports in the 2000s, so decade totals measure the record as much as the weather.
Events by type
Hazard pages exist for hail, tornado, flood, wind and winter where the county has at least 10 recorded events. "Other" covers heavy rain, debris flow, dust, funnel clouds and similar reports.
Largest recorded events
| Date | Event type | Group | Magnitude | Property damage | Crop damage | Deaths | Injuries | Geography |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 May 2003 | Tornado | Tornado | F4 | $30M | — | 11 | 66 | County |
| 17 Jan 1999 | Tornado | Tornado | F4 | $10M | — | 6 | 106 | County |
| 5 Feb 2008 | Tornado | Tornado | EF3 | $10M | — | 2 | 14 | County |
| 1 Mar 1997 | Flood | Flood | — | $3.0M | — | 2 | — | Forecast zone |
| 18 Apr 1975 | Tornado | Tornado | F1 | $2.5M | — | 1 | 6 | County |
| 29 Jul 2006 | Lightning | Lightning | — | $75K | — | 1 | — | County |
| 13 Jul 2004 | Heat | Heat | — | — | — | 1 | — | Forecast zone |
| 2 Jan 2010 | Cold/Wind Chill | Cold | — | — | — | 1 | — | Forecast zone |
| 18 Jun 2010 | Heat | Heat | — | — | — | 1 | — | Forecast zone |
| 14 Jan 2024 | Winter Storm | Winter | — | — | — | 1 | — | Forecast zone |
| 5 Feb 2008 | Tornado | Tornado | EF4 | $100M | — | — | 51 | County |
| 22 Mar 1975 | Tornado | Tornado | F1 | $250K | — | — | 18 | County |
| 24 May 1971 | Tornado | Tornado | F1 | $25K | — | — | 8 | County |
| 14 Mar 1953 | Tornado | Tornado | F3 | $25K | — | — | 3 | County |
| 17 Jan 1999 | Tornado | Tornado | F3 | $25M | — | — | — | County |
| 15 Apr 1953 | Tornado | Tornado | F1 | $250K | — | — | 2 | County |
| 7 May 1984 | Tornado | Tornado | F1 | $25K | — | — | 2 | County |
| 10 Aug 2000 | Lightning | Lightning | — | — | — | — | 2 | County |
| 25 Jan 2011 | Winter Weather | Winter | — | — | — | — | 2 | Forecast zone |
| 1 May 2010 | Flash Flood | Flood | — | $11M | — | — | — | County |
Ranked by deaths, then injuries, then NCEI's damage estimate. Deaths and injuries are NCEI counts (direct plus indirect); no personal details are recorded here.
Federal disaster declarations
| Declared | Number | Type | Incident | Title | Programs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 Feb 2026 | DR-4898 | Major disaster | Winter Storm | Severe Winter Storm | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 24 Jan 2026 | EM-3635 | Emergency | Winter Storm | Severe Winter Storm | Public assistance |
| 19 Jun 2025 | DR-4878 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, And Flooding | Public assistance |
| 2 Apr 2025 | EM-3625 | Emergency | Severe Storm | Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, And Flooding | Public assistance |
| 17 May 2023 | DR-4712 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, And Tornado | Public assistance |
| 8 May 2021 | DR-4601 | Major disaster | Tornado | Severe Storms, Tornadoes, And Flooding | Public assistance |
| 9 Jul 2020 | DR-4550 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, And Flooding | Public assistance |
| 2 Apr 2020 | DR-4514 | Major disaster | Biological | Covid-19 Pandemic | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 13 Mar 2020 | EM-3473 | Emergency | Biological | Covid-19 | Public assistance |
| 13 Aug 2014 | DR-4189 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds, And Flooding | Public assistance |
| 11 Apr 2014 | DR-4171 | Major disaster | Severe Ice Storm | Severe Winter Storm | Public assistance |
| 9 May 2011 | DR-1979 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, And Flooding | Public assistance |
| 1 May 2011 | DR-1974 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds, And Associated Flooding | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 4 May 2010 | DR-1909 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Storms, Flooding, Straight-Line Winds, And Tornadoes | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 7 Feb 2008 | DR-1745 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds, And Flooding | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 5 Sep 2005 | EM-3217 | Emergency | Hurricane | Hurricane Katrina Evacuation | Public assistance |
| 8 May 2003 | DR-1464 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Storms, Tornadoes, And Flooding | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 13 Nov 2002 | DR-1441 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Storms And Tornados | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 19 Jan 1999 | DR-1262 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Storms, Tornadoes And High Winds | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 20 Apr 1998 | DR-1215 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Storms, Tornadoes And Flooding | Individual assistance |
| 13 Jan 1998 | DR-1197 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Storms And Flooding | Public assistance |
| 7 Mar 1997 | DR-1167 | Major disaster | Tornado | Heavy Rains, Tornadoes, Flooding, Hail, High Winds | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 28 Feb 1994 | DR-1010 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Winter Ice Storm,Flash Flooding | Public assistance |
| 22 Mar 1975 | DR-459 | Major disaster | Flood | Severe Storms & Flooding | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
Declarations in which FEMA designated this county, from the OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries (v2). DR: major disaster; EM: emergency; FM: fire management assistance. Programs show whether individual or public assistance was made available.
Flood insurance claims
| Year of loss | Claims | Paid claims | Amount paid | Average paid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 4 | 3 | $212,276 | $70,759 |
| 2023 | 1 | 1 | $2,533 | $2,533 |
| 2022 | 4 | 3 | $138,897 | $46,299 |
| 2021 | 1 | 1 | $176,798 | $176,798 |
| 2019 | 3 | 3 | $186,370 | $62,123 |
| 2018 | 2 | 2 | $16,496 | $8,248 |
| 2017 | 1 | 1 | $6,505 | $6,505 |
| 2016 | 1 | 1 | $6,999 | $6,999 |
| 2014 | 8 | 7 | $188,002 | $26,857 |
| 2013 | 2 | 2 | $13,317 | $6,658 |
| 2012 | 1 | 1 | $5,092 | $5,092 |
| 2011 | 7 | 6 | $192,827 | $32,138 |
| 2010 | 52 | 45 | $1,603,380 | $35,631 |
| 2009 | 1 | 1 | $4,166 | $4,166 |
| 2008 | 1 | 0 | $0 | — |
| 2007 | 2 | 1 | $2,700 | $2,700 |
| 2002 | 6 | 5 | $69,794 | $13,959 |
| 2001 | 9 | 8 | $148,089 | $18,511 |
| 1999 | 2 | 1 | $49,766 | $49,766 |
| 1997 | 18 | 18 | $131,613 | $7,312 |
| 1992 | 4 | 4 | $31,510 | $7,878 |
| 1991 | 1 | 0 | $0 | — |
| 1990 | 6 | 5 | $27,451 | $5,490 |
| 1989 | 1 | 1 | $1,324 | $1,324 |
| 1988 | 5 | 3 | $18,558 | $6,186 |
OpenFEMA NFIP claims (v3, as of 8 Sep 2026), aggregated by year of loss; amounts are building, contents and increased-cost-of-compliance payments as recorded. Repetitive-loss counts from the NFIP Multiple Loss Properties file (2 Aug 2026); policies in force from the NFIP Residential Penetration Rates file (3 Aug 2026).
National Risk Index
| Hazard (NRI) | Risk rating | Expected annual loss |
|---|---|---|
| Earthquake | $46,219,685 | |
| Tornado | $14,798,057 | |
| Cold wave | $12,000,364 | |
| Inland flooding | $11,488,357 | |
| Heat wave | $2,747,631 | |
| Strong wind | $1,466,390 | |
| Lightning | $962,378 | |
| Ice storm | $613,947 | |
| Hurricane | $204,736 | |
| Drought | $166,063 | |
| Winter weather | $54,319 | |
| Hail | $44,421 | |
| Wildfire | $25,197 | |
| Landslide | $12,506 |
FEMA National Risk Index, December 2025 release. Ratings are FEMA's relative comparison of counties; expected annual loss is FEMA's modelled estimate of average yearly building, population and agriculture loss. See how to read the NRI.
Hurricane and tropical storm passes
| Storm | Year | Closest approach | Max wind while within 100 mi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Olga | 2019 | 49 mi | 46 mph |
| Camille | 1969 | 91 mi | 40 mph |
| Audrey | 1957 | 63 mi | 40 mph |
| Baker | 1950 | 56 mi | 40 mph |
| Unnamed Atlantic storm | 1934 | 54 mi | 40 mph |
| Unnamed Atlantic storm | 1923 | 22 mi | 40 mph |
| Unnamed Atlantic storm | 1906 | 77 mi | 46 mph |
| Unnamed Atlantic storm | 1888 | 85 mi | 63 mph |
| Unnamed Atlantic storm | 1860 | 64 mi | 46 mph |
HURDAT2 best-track positions at tropical-storm strength (34 kt) or more, measured from the county's Census centre point; through the 2025 season. Distance from a track is not the same as the extent of the storm's wind, rain or surge.
ZIP codes with flood claims
ZIP codes whose NFIP claims carry this county's code, with the number of claims. Five or more claims are needed for a ZIP page to be indexed.
Questions and answers
How often does it hail in Madison County, TN?
NCEI records 156 hail events in Madison County since 1950, in 39 different years; that is about 2.0 recorded events a year. 25 reports were golf-ball size (1.75 in) or larger.
Has Madison County had a tornado?
Yes. NCEI records 35 tornadoes in Madison County since 1950, 11 of them rated (E)F2 or stronger. Tornado deaths recorded: 20.
When was the last federal disaster declaration for Madison County?
6 Feb 2026: Severe Winter Storm, a major disaster declaration for winter storm. The county appears in 24 declarations since 1953.
How many flood insurance claims have been filed in Madison County, and how much was paid?
173 NFIP claims since 1978, 148 of them paid, for $3.4M in total. FEMA publishes these figures redacted and aggregated; individual properties are not identified.
Is Madison County in the National Risk Index's high-risk band?
FEMA's National Risk Index (December 2025) rates the county "Relatively Moderate" for overall risk, "Relatively Moderate" for expected annual loss, "Relatively High" for social vulnerability and "Very High" for community resilience. These ratings are FEMA's relative comparison across all US counties.
How does Madison County compare with the rest of Tennessee?
126.2 recorded events per 100 square miles against 112.2 statewide, and 1.8 NFIP claims per 1,000 residents against 2.5. The comparison table on this page shows each measure beside the state and national figures.
Provenance
Storm events: NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, yearly details files through 30 Jun 2026 (public domain). Declarations: OpenFEMA DisasterDeclarationsSummaries v2, refreshed 29 Sep 2026. Flood claims: OpenFEMA NfipClaims v3 as of 8 Sep 2026; NfipMultipleLossProperties v1 (2 Aug 2026); NfipResidentialPenetrationRates v1 (3 Aug 2026). Risk index: FEMA National Risk Index, December 2025. Hurricane tracks: NHC HURDAT2 through 2025. Population and area: US Census Bureau, 2021 vintage. Built 30 Sep 2026; see the methodology and corrections pages. Hazard hubs: Hail · Tornado · Flood · Wind · Winter.