States › Wisconsin › Buffalo County
Buffalo County, Wisconsin
Recorded hazard history: storm events since 1950, federal disaster declarations since 1953, flood insurance claims since 1978, and FEMA's risk index.
NCEI notes that Storm Data is compiled from a variety of sources including the National Weather Service, other federal, state and local agencies, the media and the public; that property and crop damage figures are estimates; and that some events are recorded by NWS forecast zone rather than by county. FEMA notes that NFIP claim records are redacted and aggregated to protect the privacy of policyholders. NCEI storm records through 30 Jun 2026; OpenFEMA declarations refreshed 1 Oct 2026; NFIP claims as of 8 Sep 2026.
Buffalo County, Wisconsin, has 511 weather events in the NCEI Storm Events record since 1950, most of them damaging wind.
That is 75.6 events per 100 square miles, in line with the Wisconsin figure of 85.6, and 384.2 per 10,000 residents against 78.6 statewide.
22 events fall in the 12 months to 30 Jun 2026. NCEI attributes 1 death and 10 injuries to events in the county, with property damage estimated at $23M and crop damage at $6.5M.
FEMA has designated the county in 16 federal disaster declarations since 1953; the most recent is Severe Storms, Tornadoes, And Flooding (major disaster, 30 Jun 2026).
National Flood Insurance Program policyholders in the county filed 29 claims since 1978, of which 24 were paid, totalling $328K (about $14K per paid claim). FEMA counts 36 residential flood policies in force.
FEMA's National Risk Index rates the county's overall risk as "Very Low" and its expected annual loss as "Very Low" ($7.0M a year across 18 hazards).
Compared with Wisconsin and the United States
| Measure | Buffalo County | Wisconsin | US |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recorded events since 1950 | 511 | 46,362 | 1,977,440 |
| Events per 100 square miles | 75.6 | 85.6 | 56.0 |
| Events per 10,000 residents | 384.2 | 78.6 | 59.6 |
| Events in the last 12 months | 22 | 1,624 | 62,008 |
| Deaths recorded by NCEI | 1 | 530 | 26,435 |
| Property damage (NCEI estimates) | $23M | $4.1B | $575B |
| NFIP claims per 1,000 residents | 2.2 | 1.6 | 8.1 |
| Average paid NFIP claim | $14K | $20K | $43K |
| Claims per 100 policies in force, last 10 years | 8.3 | 23.4 | 16.1 |
County-recorded events plus zone-recorded events whose forecast zone is named for the county. State and US rows include events recorded only by forecast zone. Rates use 2021 Census population and land area.
Events by decade
Trend: 298 events in the 20 years to 2025 against 171 in the 20 years before. Reporting practice changed in 1996 and again with automated reports in the 2000s, so decade totals measure the record as much as the weather.
Events by type
Hazard pages exist for hail, tornado, flood, wind and winter where the county has at least 10 recorded events. "Other" covers heavy rain, debris flow, dust, funnel clouds and similar reports.
Largest recorded events
| Date | Event type | Group | Magnitude | Property damage | Crop damage | Deaths | Injuries | Geography |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 Nov 2014 | Winter Weather | Winter | — | $2K | — | 1 | — | Forecast zone |
| 17 May 1982 | Tornado | Tornado | F2 | $2.5M | — | — | 3 | County |
| 8 Jul 1999 | Tornado | Tornado | F1 | $1.0M | $35K | — | 3 | County |
| 19 May 1996 | Thunderstorm Wind | Wind | 90 mph | $85K | $200 | — | 2 | County |
| 9 Sep 1990 | Tornado | Tornado | F1 | $2.5M | — | — | 1 | County |
| 8 Dec 2009 | Winter Storm | Winter | — | — | — | — | 1 | Forecast zone |
| 11 Aug 2016 | Flash Flood | Flood | — | $4.2M | — | — | — | County |
| 19 Jul 2017 | Flash Flood | Flood | — | $500K | $2.9M | — | — | County |
| 10 May 1953 | Tornado | Tornado | F4 | $2.5M | — | — | — | County |
| 20 Jul 2017 | Flood | Flood | — | $527K | $1.2M | — | — | County |
| 13 Aug 2010 | Flash Flood | Flood | — | $1.7M | — | — | — | County |
| 23 Sep 2010 | Flood | Flood | — | $670K | $281K | — | — | County |
| 17 Apr 2026 | Tornado | Tornado | EF3 | $928K | — | — | — | County |
| 16 Jun 2017 | Hail | Hail | 2.00 in | $425K | $222K | — | — | County |
| 9 Mar 2019 | Winter Weather | Winter | — | $550K | — | — | — | Forecast zone |
| 17 Jun 2021 | Hail | Hail | 1.75 in | $520K | $30K | — | — | County |
| 11 Aug 2016 | Flash Flood | Flood | — | $500K | — | — | — | County |
| 16 Jun 2017 | Hail | Hail | 1.75 in | — | $442K | — | — | County |
| 16 Jun 2017 | Hail | Hail | 1.50 in | $10K | $338K | — | — | County |
| 6 Jul 2017 | Hail | Hail | 1.75 in | $34K | $266K | — | — | County |
Ranked by deaths, then injuries, then NCEI's damage estimate. Deaths and injuries are NCEI counts (direct plus indirect); no personal details are recorded here.
Federal disaster declarations
| Declared | Number | Type | Incident | Title | Programs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 Jun 2026 | DR-4923 | Major disaster | Flood | Severe Storms, Tornadoes, And Flooding | Individual assistance |
| 4 Apr 2020 | DR-4520 | Major disaster | Biological | Covid-19 Pandemic | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 13 Mar 2020 | EM-3454 | Emergency | Biological | Covid-19 | Public assistance |
| 7 Oct 2017 | DR-4343 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Flooding, Landslides, And Mud | Public assistance |
| 21 Oct 2010 | DR-1944 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Storms And Flooding | Public assistance |
| 13 Sep 2005 | EM-3249 | Emergency | Hurricane | Hurricane Katrina Evacuation | Public assistance |
| 11 May 2001 | DR-1369 | Major disaster | Flood | Flooding, Severe Storms And Tornadoes | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 24 Jul 1998 | DR-1236 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Storms,Straigh Line Winds, Tornadoes,Rain,And Floodi | Public assistance |
| 2 Jul 1993 | DR-994 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Storms, Tornadoes & Flooding | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 30 Sep 1992 | DR-964 | Major disaster | Flood | Severe Storms & Flooding | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 7 Jul 1978 | DR-559 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Severe Storms, Flooding, Hail & Tornadoes | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 17 Jun 1976 | EM-3014 | Emergency | Drought | Drought | Public assistance |
| 15 Sep 1975 | DR-482 | Major disaster | Severe Storm | Heavy Rains, Tornadoes & Flash Floods | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 27 Apr 1973 | DR-376 | Major disaster | Flood | Severe Storms & Flooding | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 1 May 1969 | DR-260 | Major disaster | Flood | Flooding | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
| 21 Apr 1965 | DR-192 | Major disaster | Tornado | Tornadoes, Severe Storms & Flooding | Individual assistance, Public assistance |
Declarations in which FEMA designated this county, from the OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries (v2). DR: major disaster; EM: emergency; FM: fire management assistance. Programs show whether individual or public assistance was made available.
Flood insurance claims
| Year of loss | Claims | Paid claims | Amount paid | Average paid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 3 | 2 | $20,542 | $10,271 |
| 2016 | 1 | 1 | $39,333 | $39,333 |
| 2015 | 1 | 0 | $0 | — |
| 2011 | 1 | 1 | $4,455 | $4,455 |
| 2010 | 2 | 2 | $149,000 | $74,500 |
| 2002 | 1 | 0 | $0 | — |
| 2001 | 11 | 11 | $77,748 | $7,068 |
| 1997 | 6 | 5 | $35,298 | $7,060 |
| 1996 | 1 | 1 | $1,250 | $1,250 |
| 1993 | 1 | 0 | $0 | — |
| 1978 | 1 | 1 | $586 | $586 |
OpenFEMA NFIP claims (v3, as of 8 Sep 2026), aggregated by year of loss; amounts are building, contents and increased-cost-of-compliance payments as recorded. Repetitive-loss counts from the NFIP Multiple Loss Properties file (2 Aug 2026); policies in force from the NFIP Residential Penetration Rates file (3 Aug 2026).
National Risk Index
| Hazard (NRI) | Risk rating | Expected annual loss |
|---|---|---|
| Inland flooding | $3,425,460 | |
| Cold wave | $1,375,632 | |
| Tornado | $868,941 | |
| Hail | $484,467 | |
| Strong wind | $328,750 | |
| Heat wave | $159,770 | |
| Lightning | $100,219 | |
| Drought | $85,172 | |
| Landslide | $79,640 | |
| Ice storm | $62,529 | |
| Winter weather | $25,302 | |
| Earthquake | $2,225 | |
| Wildfire | $1,612 |
FEMA National Risk Index, December 2025 release. Ratings are FEMA's relative comparison of counties; expected annual loss is FEMA's modelled estimate of average yearly building, population and agriculture loss. See how to read the NRI.
Hurricane and tropical storm passes
No HURDAT2 track at tropical-storm strength passes within 100 miles of the county's centre point (through the 2025 season).
ZIP codes with flood claims
ZIP codes whose NFIP claims carry this county's code, with the number of claims. Five or more claims are needed for a ZIP page to be indexed.
Questions and answers
How often does it hail in Buffalo County, WI?
NCEI records 138 hail events in Buffalo County since 1950, in 39 different years; that is about 1.8 recorded events a year. 21 reports were golf-ball size (1.75 in) or larger.
Has Buffalo County had a tornado?
Yes. NCEI records 21 tornadoes in Buffalo County since 1950, 4 of them rated (E)F2 or stronger. Tornado deaths recorded: 0.
When was the last federal disaster declaration for Buffalo County?
30 Jun 2026: Severe Storms, Tornadoes, And Flooding, a major disaster declaration for flood. The county appears in 16 declarations since 1953.
How many flood insurance claims have been filed in Buffalo County, and how much was paid?
29 NFIP claims since 1978, 24 of them paid, for $328K in total. FEMA publishes these figures redacted and aggregated; individual properties are not identified.
Is Buffalo County in the National Risk Index's high-risk band?
FEMA's National Risk Index (December 2025) rates the county "Very Low" for overall risk, "Very Low" for expected annual loss, "Very Low" for social vulnerability and "Relatively Moderate" for community resilience. These ratings are FEMA's relative comparison across all US counties.
How does Buffalo County compare with the rest of Wisconsin?
75.6 recorded events per 100 square miles against 85.6 statewide, and 2.2 NFIP claims per 1,000 residents against 1.6. The comparison table on this page shows each measure beside the state and national figures.
Provenance
Storm events: NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, yearly details files through 30 Jun 2026 (public domain). Declarations: OpenFEMA DisasterDeclarationsSummaries v2, refreshed 1 Oct 2026. Flood claims: OpenFEMA NfipClaims v3 as of 8 Sep 2026; NfipMultipleLossProperties v1 (2 Aug 2026); NfipResidentialPenetrationRates v1 (3 Aug 2026). Risk index: FEMA National Risk Index, December 2025. Hurricane tracks: NHC HURDAT2 through 2025. Population and area: US Census Bureau, 2021 vintage. Built 1 Oct 2026; see the methodology and corrections pages. Hazard hubs: Hail · Tornado · Flood · Wind · Winter.